燃气轮机间冷器结构改进试验研究

为了分析间冷器翅片高度、翅片厚度、隔板厚度等结构参数对换热性能的影响,根据船用间冷循环燃气轮机长期工作在海洋环境的性能要求及结构特点,初步设计了机上间冷器,并对其进行了试验验证。根据前期验证结果,对间冷器结构进行了迭代改进。结果表明:在一定范围内,翅片高度增加导致换热效率降低和总压恢复系数增大;翅片厚度增加,导致换热效率提高和总压恢复系数减小;隔板厚度增加导致换热效率降低。     

基于气压高度辅助的机载自主完好性监测算法

卫星接收机自主完好性监测是指根据用户接收机的多余观测值监测用户定位结果的完好性,其目的是在导航过程中检测出发生故障的卫星,并保障导航定位精度。针对卫星接收机自主完好性监测算法可用性不足的问题,结合机载实际导航系统配置,提出了一种基于气压高度表辅助的机载自主完好性监测算法。综合利用卫星导航系统及气压高度表观测信息,建立联合系统的观测模型,推导了基于多解分离的完好性监测及保护级别计算方法。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的接收机自主完好性监测算法,该算法在可见星为5颗时仍能识别故障卫星。该算法具有更好的故障检测能力及可用性,能有效提高卫星导航系统的完好性监测性能,从而保证卫星导航系统的精度和可靠性。     

超声速进气道压力估算方法及验证

进气道载荷的预示和限制是超声速飞行器设计中的关键问题。以典型颌下进气超声速飞行器为研究对象,对其进气道流场进行数值仿真,研究不同马赫数、攻角、侧滑角及余气系数条件下的进气道压力特性;针 对进气道压力工程估算及设计需求,使用无量纲和解耦的方法,对进气道压力经验公式进行拟合;反算飞行试 验中的进气道压力,并与测量结果进行对比。结果表明:进气道压力随马赫数增大而增大,随余气系数增大而 减小;正常工作包线内,较小的攻角、侧滑角对进气道压力影响不明显;进气道压力经验公式计算值与飞行试验 测量值符合较好,具有较高的精度。     

飞机结构防火设计与失火修理研究

为做好飞机结构防火设计与失火修理,给出了飞机结构防火设计原则及要求,飞机防火材料选取不易着火或防火材料,总体布置上避免油气混合,并合理布置探测系统。如果万一发生飞机失火,提供了失火修理原则及要求,提出失火修理方法及流程：失火后,需要对飞机着火点、着火区、着火原因进行分析界定,检查过火区范围及程度,确定修理方案,尽快开展修理工作,降低事故等级,满足飞机结构完整性及功能使用要求,保证飞行安全。     

翅片位置对复合式减涡器减阻性能影响数值模拟

为了探索翅片-管复合式减涡器的翅片安装位置对共转盘腔径向内流压力损失的影响规律,对不同转速、翅片周向位置及安装角度下的去旋系统开展了数值研究,得到了不同工况下共转盘腔径向内流的流场结构及压力损失分布曲线。研究结果表明:减涡管能引导流体径向流入,并降低流体的旋流比;相比于管式减涡器,翅片-管复合式减涡器能明显降低盘腔内的总压损失;在不同旋转雷诺数下,翅片的周向安装位置α及安装角β均存在最佳值;在中、高旋转雷诺数下,最佳值分别为α=9°,β=30°,最佳结构下总压损失较基础模型低40%左右;改变翅片周向位置及安装角度可以明显改变气流进入减涡管的角度,在较优情况下,可以减小流体流入减涡管的阻力及在减涡管内的流动阻力,整体上减小了盘腔内总压损失。     

接受孔形状对预旋供气系统内气流流动影响研究

为对比不同形状接受孔的预旋系统内气流流动特性,通过数值模拟方法,对带有不同形状接受孔的预旋系统进行了研究。研究发现:收缩型接受孔入口截面气流流通面积较大,相对速度较小,在预旋系统中的性能最优,其次是类梯型,最后是直孔型。同一旋转雷诺数下,带收缩型接受孔的预旋系统无量纲温降较直孔型提高5.8%,总压损失系数降低3.0%。三种类型接受孔的预旋系统无量纲温降和总压损失系数均随进出口压比的增加而增大,在相同压比下,收缩型接受孔预旋系统无量纲温降最大,总压损失系数最小。     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

Aerodynamic optimization design for high pressure turbines based on the adjoint approach

A first study on the continuous adjoint formulation for aerodynamic optimization design of high pressure turbines based on S2surface governed by the Euler equations with source terms is presented.The objective function is defined as an integral function along the boundaries,and the adjoint equations and the boundary conditions are derived by introducing the adjoint variable vectors.The gradient expression of the objective function then includes only the terms related to physical shape variations.The numerical solution of the adjoint equation is conducted by a finitedifference method with the Jameson spatial scheme employing the first and the third order dissipative fluxes.A gradient-based aerodynamic optimization system is established by integrating the blade stagger angles,the stacking lines and the passage perturbation parameterization with the quasi-Newton method of Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno(BFGS).The application of the continuous adjoint method is validated through a single stage high pressure turbine optimization case.The adiabatic efficiency increases from 0.8875 to 0.8931,whilst the mass flow rate and the pressure ratio remain almost unchanged.The optimization design is shown to reduce the passage vortex loss as well as the mixing loss due to the cooling air injection.     

直接侧向力/气动力复合控制影响因素研究

为分析直接侧向力/气动力复合控制中的影响因素对控制效果的影响,给出了复合控制拦截器的典型布局,建立了直接侧向力/气动力复合控制分配模型;采用自适应动态逆方法形成虚拟控制律实现拦截器姿态控制,并进行了仿真验证与分析。仿真结果表明,不同发动机总数、发动机开关机周期和推力大小等因素对最终控制效果有直接的影响,且发动机开关机周期与推力的共同作用对控制效果影响明显。     

超声速串列静叶积叠优化分析

在进口超声速、气流转折角大的高负荷条件下,静叶通道中激波强度高,激波、附面层干扰引起的损失大,且静叶中三维流动引起的径向载荷分布不均匀,易产生角区分离。叶片积叠优化是提高风扇性能的一项有效技术。采用数值模拟的方式研究了不同积叠形式对优化串列静叶沿展向激波结构,改善叶排间流动匹配的作用。三维流动对比分析可以得出:高负荷串列静叶采用正弓形积叠,叶片展向载荷分布合理,静叶端壁角区分离损失减小,前后叶片排流动匹配较好,风扇性能进一步提高。